PLANETS, STARS, GALAXIES
Midterm 1 Review
Some Formulas:
a) Powers of Ten:
1 = 100 ; 1,000 = 103 ; one million = 1,000,000 = 106 ; one billion = 109 ;
0.001 = 10-3 ; 0.000001 = 10-6 ; ... etc
"nano-"(n) = 10-9 "micro-"(m)= 10-6 "milli-"(m) = 10-3
"kilo-"(k) = 103 "mega-"(M) = 106.
b) Geometry:
Circles: Area=pr2, Perimeter=2pr; Spheres: Volume = 4/3pr3, Surface Area = 4pr2
c) Laws of Motion:
Time=Distance/Speed or Distance = Rate x Time; 1 Year = 3.16 x 107 sec;
1 AU = 1.5 x 108 km; 1pc = 3.26 ly = 206265 AU ;
d) Kepler's and
Newton's Laws: P2(yr) = a3(AU) ; F = ma ;
FG = Gm1 m2 / r2
General Knowledge: COVER ALL THE
TOPICS IN CHAPTERS 1-2 !
* Who were Aristotle, Ptolemy, Galileo, Kepler and Newton and what were their main contributions to science ?
* Constellation, the celestial equator, the ecliptic, the celestial poles, right ascension and declination.
* The synchronous motion of the Moon, the tides
* Kepler's three laws: elliptical orbits, law of equal areas
* Newton's four
laws: Inertia; Action and Reaction; Motion and Gravity.